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An abstract class that provides the generic communication binding protocol and additional abstract methods to be implemented by concrete implementation subclasses.

remarks

The generic type argument O specifies the concrete object interface of the binding's options.

Type parameters

Hierarchy

Implements

Index

Constructors

constructor

Properties

Static Protected Readonly DEFAULT_NAMESPACE

DEFAULT_NAMESPACE: "-" = "-"

Static Readonly captureRejectionSymbol

captureRejectionSymbol: typeof captureRejectionSymbol

Static captureRejections

captureRejections: boolean

Sets or gets the default captureRejection value for all emitters.

Static defaultMaxListeners

defaultMaxListeners: number

Static Readonly errorMonitor

errorMonitor: typeof errorMonitor

This symbol shall be used to install a listener for only monitoring 'error' events. Listeners installed using this symbol are called before the regular 'error' listeners are called.

Installing a listener using this symbol does not change the behavior once an 'error' event is emitted, therefore the process will still crash if no regular 'error' listener is installed.

Accessors

Abstract apiName

  • get apiName(): string

Abstract apiVersion

  • get apiVersion(): number
  • Defines the protocol version number of this binding, a positive integer.

    Increment this version whenever you change or add new communication events or make breaking changes to the binding's messaging protocol.

    Note that each specific binding type provides its own API versioning. API versions are not synchronized or shared across different binding types.

    Returns number

options

  • get options(): Readonly<O>
  • Gets the binding options (read-only).

    remarks

    For the optional base binding options defined in CommunicationBindingOptions, (default) values are always set by the base binding class. Thus, a concrete binding class need not check whether a value is defined for these properties.

    Returns Readonly<O>

state

Methods

addListener

  • addListener(eventName: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): CommunicationBinding<O>
  • Alias for emitter.on(eventName, listener).

    since

    v0.1.26

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol
    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void
        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

Abstract createIoRoute

  • createIoRoute(ioSourceId: string): string

emit

  • emit(eventName: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean
  • Synchronously calls each of the listeners registered for the event namedeventName, in the order they were registered, passing the supplied arguments to each.

    Returns true if the event had listeners, false otherwise.

    const EventEmitter = require('events');
    const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();

    // First listener
    myEmitter.on('event', function firstListener() {
    console.log('Helloooo! first listener');
    });
    // Second listener
    myEmitter.on('event', function secondListener(arg1, arg2) {
    console.log(`event with parameters ${arg1}, ${arg2} in second listener`);
    });
    // Third listener
    myEmitter.on('event', function thirdListener(...args) {
    const parameters = args.join(', ');
    console.log(`event with parameters ${parameters} in third listener`);
    });

    console.log(myEmitter.listeners('event'));

    myEmitter.emit('event', 1, 2, 3, 4, 5);

    // Prints:
    // [
    // [Function: firstListener],
    // [Function: secondListener],
    // [Function: thirdListener]
    // ]
    // Helloooo! first listener
    // event with parameters 1, 2 in second listener
    // event with parameters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 in third listener
    since

    v0.1.26

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol
    • Rest ...args: any[]

    Returns boolean

eventNames

  • eventNames(): (string | symbol)[]
  • Returns an array listing the events for which the emitter has registered listeners. The values in the array are strings or Symbols.

    const EventEmitter = require('events');
    const myEE = new EventEmitter();
    myEE.on('foo', () => {});
    myEE.on('bar', () => {});

    const sym = Symbol('symbol');
    myEE.on(sym, () => {});

    console.log(myEE.eventNames());
    // Prints: [ 'foo', 'bar', Symbol(symbol) ]
    since

    v6.0.0

    Returns (string | symbol)[]

getMaxListeners

  • getMaxListeners(): number
  • Returns the current max listener value for the EventEmitter which is either set by emitter.setMaxListeners(n) or defaults to defaultMaxListeners.

    since

    v1.0.0

    Returns number

join

listenerCount

  • listenerCount(eventName: string | symbol): number
  • Returns the number of listeners listening to the event named eventName.

    since

    v3.2.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The name of the event being listened for

    Returns number

listeners

  • listeners(eventName: string | symbol): Function[]
  • Returns a copy of the array of listeners for the event named eventName.

    server.on('connection', (stream) => {
    console.log('someone connected!');
    });
    console.log(util.inspect(server.listeners('connection')));
    // Prints: [ [Function] ]
    since

    v0.1.26

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

    Returns Function[]

Protected log

  • Used to conditionally emit log messages on the "error", "info", or "debug" event emitter, depending on the given log level and the target log level specified in the binding options.

    If the target log level is "error", only error logs are emitted; if target log level is "info", only "error" and "info" logs are emitted; if target log level is "debug", all logs are emitted.

    If the given log level matches the binding's target log level, a message formed by concatenating the partial arguments is emitted on the corresponding event emitter.

    If any of the optional arguments is undefined, it is ignored in the composed message.

    Parameters

    • logLevel: CommunicationBindingLogLevel

      the log level

    • arg1: string

      partial log message

    • Optional arg2: any

      partial log message (optional)

    • Optional arg3: any

      partial log message (optional)

    • Optional arg4: any

      partial log message (optional)

    • Optional arg5: any

      partial log message (optional)

    Returns void

off

  • Alias for emitter.removeListener().

    since

    v10.0.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol
    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void
        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

on

  • Adds the listener function to the end of the listeners array for the event named eventName. No checks are made to see if the listener has already been added. Multiple calls passing the same combination of eventNameand listener will result in the listener being added, and called, multiple times.

    server.on('connection', (stream) => {
    console.log('someone connected!');
    });

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    By default, event listeners are invoked in the order they are added. Theemitter.prependListener() method can be used as an alternative to add the event listener to the beginning of the listeners array.

    const myEE = new EventEmitter();
    myEE.on('foo', () => console.log('a'));
    myEE.prependListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
    myEE.emit('foo');
    // Prints:
    // b
    // a
    since

    v0.1.101

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The name of the event.

    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void

      The callback function

        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

Protected Abstract onInit

  • onInit(): void

Protected Abstract onJoin

Protected Abstract onPublish

Protected Abstract onSubscribe

Protected Abstract onUnjoin

  • onUnjoin(): Promise<void>
  • Called by base binding class once to unjoin.

    remarks

    This method is also called if the binding is currently in Initialized state. In this case, resources should be disposed.

    Returns Promise<void>

Protected Abstract onUnsubscribe

once

  • Adds a one-timelistener function for the event named eventName. The next time eventName is triggered, this listener is removed and then invoked.

    server.once('connection', (stream) => {
    console.log('Ah, we have our first user!');
    });

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    By default, event listeners are invoked in the order they are added. Theemitter.prependOnceListener() method can be used as an alternative to add the event listener to the beginning of the listeners array.

    const myEE = new EventEmitter();
    myEE.once('foo', () => console.log('a'));
    myEE.prependOnceListener('foo', () => console.log('b'));
    myEE.emit('foo');
    // Prints:
    // b
    // a
    since

    v0.3.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The name of the event.

    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void

      The callback function

        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

prependListener

  • prependListener(eventName: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): CommunicationBinding<O>
  • Adds the listener function to the beginning of the listeners array for the event named eventName. No checks are made to see if the listener has already been added. Multiple calls passing the same combination of eventNameand listener will result in the listener being added, and called, multiple times.

    server.prependListener('connection', (stream) => {
    console.log('someone connected!');
    });

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    since

    v6.0.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The name of the event.

    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void

      The callback function

        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

prependOnceListener

  • prependOnceListener(eventName: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): CommunicationBinding<O>
  • Adds a one-timelistener function for the event named eventName to the_beginning_ of the listeners array. The next time eventName is triggered, this listener is removed, and then invoked.

    server.prependOnceListener('connection', (stream) => {
    console.log('Ah, we have our first user!');
    });

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    since

    v6.0.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The name of the event.

    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void

      The callback function

        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

publish

  • Called by CommunicationManger to publish the given event.

    Publications issued before the binding has joined are deferred. Publications issued after the binding has unjoined are silently discarded.

    remarks

    Each binding must support publishing of all Coaty communication events except Raw and external IoValue events. If a binding doesn't support these, they are discarded and an error is emitted on the "error" event emitter.

    remarks

    A Raw event that specifies a publication topic with a Coaty-like shape is discarded and an error is emitted on the "error" event emitter.

    Parameters

    Returns void

rawListeners

  • rawListeners(eventName: string | symbol): Function[]
  • Returns a copy of the array of listeners for the event named eventName, including any wrappers (such as those created by .once()).

    const emitter = new EventEmitter();
    emitter.once('log', () => console.log('log once'));

    // Returns a new Array with a function `onceWrapper` which has a property
    // `listener` which contains the original listener bound above
    const listeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');
    const logFnWrapper = listeners[0];

    // Logs "log once" to the console and does not unbind the `once` event
    logFnWrapper.listener();

    // Logs "log once" to the console and removes the listener
    logFnWrapper();

    emitter.on('log', () => console.log('log persistently'));
    // Will return a new Array with a single function bound by `.on()` above
    const newListeners = emitter.rawListeners('log');

    // Logs "log persistently" twice
    newListeners[0]();
    emitter.emit('log');
    since

    v9.4.0

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol

    Returns Function[]

removeAllListeners

  • Removes all listeners, or those of the specified eventName.

    It is bad practice to remove listeners added elsewhere in the code, particularly when the EventEmitter instance was created by some other component or module (e.g. sockets or file streams).

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    since

    v0.1.26

    Parameters

    • Optional event: string | symbol

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

removeListener

  • removeListener(eventName: string | symbol, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): CommunicationBinding<O>
  • Removes the specified listener from the listener array for the event namedeventName.

    const callback = (stream) => {
    console.log('someone connected!');
    };
    server.on('connection', callback);
    // ...
    server.removeListener('connection', callback);

    removeListener() will remove, at most, one instance of a listener from the listener array. If any single listener has been added multiple times to the listener array for the specified eventName, then removeListener() must be called multiple times to remove each instance.

    Once an event is emitted, all listeners attached to it at the time of emitting are called in order. This implies that anyremoveListener() or removeAllListeners() calls after emitting and_before_ the last listener finishes execution will not remove them fromemit() in progress. Subsequent events behave as expected.

    const myEmitter = new MyEmitter();

    const callbackA = () => {
    console.log('A');
    myEmitter.removeListener('event', callbackB);
    };

    const callbackB = () => {
    console.log('B');
    };

    myEmitter.on('event', callbackA);

    myEmitter.on('event', callbackB);

    // callbackA removes listener callbackB but it will still be called.
    // Internal listener array at time of emit [callbackA, callbackB]
    myEmitter.emit('event');
    // Prints:
    // A
    // B

    // callbackB is now removed.
    // Internal listener array [callbackA]
    myEmitter.emit('event');
    // Prints:
    // A

    Because listeners are managed using an internal array, calling this will change the position indices of any listener registered after the listener being removed. This will not impact the order in which listeners are called, but it means that any copies of the listener array as returned by the emitter.listeners() method will need to be recreated.

    When a single function has been added as a handler multiple times for a single event (as in the example below), removeListener() will remove the most recently added instance. In the example the once('ping')listener is removed:

    const ee = new EventEmitter();

    function pong() {
    console.log('pong');
    }

    ee.on('ping', pong);
    ee.once('ping', pong);
    ee.removeListener('ping', pong);

    ee.emit('ping');
    ee.emit('ping');

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    since

    v0.1.26

    Parameters

    • eventName: string | symbol
    • listener: (...args: any[]) => void
        • (...args: any[]): void
        • Parameters

          • Rest ...args: any[]

          Returns void

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

setMaxListeners

  • By default EventEmitters will print a warning if more than 10 listeners are added for a particular event. This is a useful default that helps finding memory leaks. The emitter.setMaxListeners() method allows the limit to be modified for this specific EventEmitter instance. The value can be set toInfinity (or 0) to indicate an unlimited number of listeners.

    Returns a reference to the EventEmitter, so that calls can be chained.

    since

    v0.3.5

    Parameters

    • n: number

    Returns CommunicationBinding<O>

subscribe

  • Called by CommunicationManger to subscribe the given event.

    Subscriptions issued before the binding has joined are deferred. Subscriptions issued after the binding has unjoined are silently discarded.

    remarks

    Each binding must support subscribing all Coaty communication events except Raw and external IoValue events. If a binding doesn't support these, they are discarded and an error is emitted on the "error" event emitter.

    remarks

    A Raw event that specifies a subscription topic with a Coaty-like shape is discarded and an error is emitted on the "error" event emitter.

    Parameters

    Returns void

unjoin

  • unjoin(): Promise<void>
  • Called by CommunicationManager once when this binding should leave the Coaty communication infrastructure and be disposed.

    The promise returned should always be resolved when the binding has completed unjoining so that its safe to invoke another join() operation on a new instance of this binding type.

    When unjoining, the binding instance should release all internally used resources so that it may be garbage collected. No further API method calls will be invoked on this binding.

    Returns Promise<void>

    a Promise that is always resolved when the binding has completed unjoining.

unsubscribe

  • Called by CommunicationManger to unsubscribe the given event.

    Unsubscriptions issued before the binding has joined are ignored. Unsubscriptions issued after the binding has unjoined are silently discarded.

    remarks

    Each binding must support unsubscribing all Coaty communication events except Raw and external IoValue events. If a binding doesn't support these, they are discarded and an error is emitted on the "error" event emitter.

    Parameters

    Returns void

Static getEventListeners

  • getEventListeners(emitter: EventEmitter | DOMEventTarget, name: string | symbol): Function[]
  • Returns a copy of the array of listeners for the event named eventName.

    For EventEmitters this behaves exactly the same as calling .listeners on the emitter.

    For EventTargets this is the only way to get the event listeners for the event target. This is useful for debugging and diagnostic purposes.

    const { getEventListeners, EventEmitter } = require('events');

    {
    const ee = new EventEmitter();
    const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
    ee.on('foo', listener);
    getEventListeners(ee, 'foo'); // [listener]
    }
    {
    const et = new EventTarget();
    const listener = () => console.log('Events are fun');
    et.addEventListener('foo', listener);
    getEventListeners(et, 'foo'); // [listener]
    }
    since

    v15.2.0

    Parameters

    • emitter: EventEmitter | DOMEventTarget
    • name: string | symbol

    Returns Function[]

Static listenerCount

  • listenerCount(emitter: EventEmitter, eventName: string | symbol): number
  • A class method that returns the number of listeners for the given eventNameregistered on the given emitter.

    const { EventEmitter, listenerCount } = require('events');
    const myEmitter = new EventEmitter();
    myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
    myEmitter.on('event', () => {});
    console.log(listenerCount(myEmitter, 'event'));
    // Prints: 2
    since

    v0.9.12

    deprecated

    Since v3.2.0 - Use listenerCount instead.

    Parameters

    • emitter: EventEmitter

      The emitter to query

    • eventName: string | symbol

      The event name

    Returns number

Static on

  • on(emitter: EventEmitter, eventName: string, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): AsyncIterableIterator<any>
  • ```js const { on, EventEmitter } = require('events');

    (async () => { const ee = new EventEmitter();

    // Emit later on process.nextTick(() => { ee.emit('foo', 'bar'); ee.emit('foo', 42); });

    for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo')) { // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use // if concurrent execution is required. console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42] } // Unreachable here })();


    Returns an `AsyncIterator` that iterates `eventName` events. It will throw
    if the `EventEmitter` emits `'error'`. It removes all listeners when
    exiting the loop. The `value` returned by each iteration is an array
    composed of the emitted event arguments.

    An `AbortSignal` can be used to cancel waiting on events:

    ```js
    const { on, EventEmitter } = require('events');
    const ac = new AbortController();

    (async () => {
    const ee = new EventEmitter();

    // Emit later on
    process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('foo', 'bar');
    ee.emit('foo', 42);
    });

    for await (const event of on(ee, 'foo', { signal: ac.signal })) {
    // The execution of this inner block is synchronous and it
    // processes one event at a time (even with await). Do not use
    // if concurrent execution is required.
    console.log(event); // prints ['bar'] [42]
    }
    // Unreachable here
    })();

    process.nextTick(() => ac.abort());
    since

    v13.6.0, v12.16.0

    Parameters

    • emitter: EventEmitter
    • eventName: string

      The name of the event being listened for

    • Optional options: StaticEventEmitterOptions

    Returns AsyncIterableIterator<any>

    that iterates eventName events emitted by the emitter

Static once

  • once(emitter: NodeEventTarget, eventName: string | symbol, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): Promise<any[]>
  • once(emitter: DOMEventTarget, eventName: string, options?: StaticEventEmitterOptions): Promise<any[]>
  • Creates a Promise that is fulfilled when the EventEmitter emits the given event or that is rejected if the EventEmitter emits 'error' while waiting. The Promise will resolve with an array of all the arguments emitted to the given event.

    This method is intentionally generic and works with the web platform EventTarget interface, which has no special'error' event semantics and does not listen to the 'error' event.

    const { once, EventEmitter } = require('events');

    async function run() {
    const ee = new EventEmitter();

    process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('myevent', 42);
    });

    const [value] = await once(ee, 'myevent');
    console.log(value);

    const err = new Error('kaboom');
    process.nextTick(() => {
    ee.emit('error', err);
    });

    try {
    await once(ee, 'myevent');
    } catch (err) {
    console.log('error happened', err);
    }
    }

    run();

    The special handling of the 'error' event is only used when events.once()is used to wait for another event. If events.once() is used to wait for the 'error' event itself, then it is treated as any other kind of event without special handling:

    const { EventEmitter, once } = require('events');

    const ee = new EventEmitter();

    once(ee, 'error')
    .then(([err]) => console.log('ok', err.message))
    .catch((err) => console.log('error', err.message));

    ee.emit('error', new Error('boom'));

    // Prints: ok boom

    An AbortSignal can be used to cancel waiting for the event:

    const { EventEmitter, once } = require('events');

    const ee = new EventEmitter();
    const ac = new AbortController();

    async function foo(emitter, event, signal) {
    try {
    await once(emitter, event, { signal });
    console.log('event emitted!');
    } catch (error) {
    if (error.name === 'AbortError') {
    console.error('Waiting for the event was canceled!');
    } else {
    console.error('There was an error', error.message);
    }
    }
    }

    foo(ee, 'foo', ac.signal);
    ac.abort(); // Abort waiting for the event
    ee.emit('foo'); // Prints: Waiting for the event was canceled!
    since

    v11.13.0, v10.16.0

    Parameters

    • emitter: NodeEventTarget
    • eventName: string | symbol
    • Optional options: StaticEventEmitterOptions

    Returns Promise<any[]>

  • Parameters

    • emitter: DOMEventTarget
    • eventName: string
    • Optional options: StaticEventEmitterOptions

    Returns Promise<any[]>

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